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Safety measures for earth-rock works

1、 Safety requirements for manual excavation of foundation pit and trench 1. During manual excavation, the operators must perform slope setting or support protection according to the requirements of the constructors. The horizontal spacing of operators shall not be less than 2m, and the longitudinal spacing shall not be less than 3m. It is strictly forbidden to dig holes and widen the trench from bottom to top to avoid collapse accidents. 2. During construction, ground water shall be prevented from flowing into pits and ditches to avoid slope collapse. 3. During deep pit excavation, keep the pit well ventilated. In case of any suspicious situation, stop the operation immediately and report to the superior for treatment. 4. It is forbidden to pile soil, materials and stop machines and tools within 1m from the excavated trench. The stacking height between 1-3m and 3-5 m shall not exceed 1.5m. 5. When the excavation depth exceeds 2m, two protective railings must be set at the edge. In dangerous places, red sign lights shall be set at night. 6. During the excavation process, the operator should pay attention to the change of the soil wall at any time. In case of any crack or partial collapse, the operator should immediately stop the operation, withdraw to the pit or groove, and report to the constructor to continue the excavation after the treatment is stable. 7. Personnel shall dig a ladder or set a wooden ladder before going up and down the pit, and shall not jump or step on the soil and wall and its support. 8. When excavating in soft soil and expansive soil areas, special excavation methods shall be adopted. The operators must obey the command and deployment of the constructors, and do not make decisions without permission or take risks to avoid accidents. 2、 Safety requirements for mechanical excavation 1. Personnel involved in mechanical excavation shall comply with the safety operation regulations of the machinery used, and all safety devices of the machinery shall be complete and effective. 2. The sequence of earthwork excavation shall be carried out in layers and sections from top to bottom. It is forbidden to use the operation method of hollowing out the footing, and drainage measures shall be taken. 3. Before using machinery to excavate soil, send a signal first. Personnel who cooperate with mechanical excavation shall work in the specified slope sequence when working in pits and trenches. No one is allowed to enter the working range of the excavator. 4. When loading soil, no one shall stay on the loading truck. 5. When using machinery to excavate in the trench with support, attention must be paid to prevent the machinery from damaging the support. 3、 Safety regulations for preventing earth collapse 1. The construction personnel must carry out excavation according to the requirements of safety technical disclosure. 2. Before earthwork excavation, water must be drained. 3. The soil shall be excavated layer by layer from top to bottom, and digging is strictly prohibited. 4. The pit (groove) must be equipped with a ramp or ladder for personnel to climb up and down. It is forbidden to dig the pit or climb up and down on the pit wall.